Horticulture Notes

Early Summer, 2025
Here are some accumulated tips for summer gardening:

💐Resist the temptation:  Once your spring bulbs stop flowering, you should let their foliage turn yellow.  Resist the temptation to cut the plant.  You can cut the flowers off (deadhead), but leave the stem and leaves until they naturally turn yellow.  Then cut them down.  This will help the bulb retain nutrients and produce more flowers the following year.--Ogden’s Design and Planting 

💐Kate Walz, one of our local horticulturists, recommends incorporating well-chosen non-native plants with native plants in your garden. There are a number of benefits:
  a. extended bloom time also feeds pollinators across a longer period of time.
  b.  Increased biodiversity-a wider variety of plants will attract a wider variety of beneficial wildlife
 c.  climate adaptation- As climate zones shift, certain native plants may struggle while adaptable non-natives can fill the gap.
 d.  soil support-some non-native plants can improve soil quality.  

🥕June is a still a good month to  plant cucumbers, watermelon summer squash,  basil, beets, carrots, and lettuce--Modern Farmer

💐 If you want blooms all summer, which are the best plants to choose?  Petunias, Zinnias, Gallardia, Globe Amaranth, Sea Holly, Stella   D’Oro Daylily, Evergreen Candytuft, Black eyed Susan, Joe Pye Weed, Purple Coneflowers , and marigolds- High Tech Landscapes, Branchberg, N.J.  (Note-these plants will bloom sequentially; the blooms of daylillies, for example, certainly do not last long by themselves)

🦟We still have a problem with spotted lantern flies.  They  feed on plants and trees, and are especially fond of grapevine, walnut trees, maple trees, and fruit trees.   

The nymphs can be mistaken for ticks, although they bear white spots.  The black spotted nymphs appear from April to July, and then turn red.  Red nymphs can appear from July through September.  However, adults also emerge in July.  
Controlling the spread:  Because lantern flies lay their eggs high in the trees, wrap sticky tape or burlap around the tree trunk above any egg mass.   If you are using sticky tape, replace it daily.

Nymphs are efficiently killed by putting them in a bucket of soapy water.  Of course, you can squish them under your foot, but sometimes that is inefficient if you find a large quantity of nymphs.  But probably the most efficient way to control the is to have professionals come in and spray for them--N.Y. Department of Environmental Control; Mosquito Squad Plus, Inc.

Submitted by Horticulture Chairperson, Lynn Sirow

May

Wildflowers: This is the month for wildflowers. They only last for a few weeks in woods, by streams and ponds and in the fields. Take a nature walk or plant your own. Try wood hyacinths, Mayapples, jack- in- the-pulpits, trillium, Solomon’s- seal.
Turf: This should be the peak of perfection, the maintenance comes later.  Remember the usual hints, organic fertilizers (avoid any with uric acid), cut it high, hand dig weeds (higher grass with smother most weeds), only water when needed and water deeply. A perfect lawn is no longer politically correct. Have lawn aerated, the most effective is with aerators that remove full plugs of the lawn.
Bulbs: Time to plant summer bulbs and corms: gladiolas, dahlias, lilies. Let foliage of spring bulb blooms remain. Hint for next year- the small daffodils with thin leaves are not as unsightly as they brown out. After bloom fertilize.
Herbs: By mid month tender herbs, especially basil, can be planted. Herbs like sandy soil and lots of sun. No need to fertilize. Perennial mint should be thriving in time for the Derby.
Weather rules: Crabgrass control kicks in at 60 degrees, annuals need nighttime 55 degrees, hardening off of seedlings can occur now, ditto house plants you wish to summer outside. It’s too early for tomatoes and eggplant, wait until Memorial Day weekend. Cool weather crops, lettuce, peas, radishes, and spinach, should be in the ground now.
Box Stores: You asked?  A recent article in the Wall Street Journal explored the role of Home Depot and Lowes in the gardening market. Quite impressive. Both chains employ horticultural experts to select and test nursery stock- exclusives can take up to 14 years to develop.  Select plants are created for specific climates and tastes.
Trees and shrubs: As deciduous trees bloom consider some additions, choose carefully, avoid trees with surface roots that require too much water.
Birds. It is nesting time. Continue to feed birds to entice some new species and migratory regulars. Get out the hummingbird feeders. 
 Submitted by Horticulture Chairperson, Margaret Stacey

April

April: The cruelest month. Enjoy the beautiful days and get your indoor work done on those raw rainy days. Just as our plants, we need to "harden off"-- a little time outside and then back inside. But this year April and some May garden chores await us.
Turf: April 1 in Nassau, later in Suffolk, to fertilize the lawn. Know what is being put down. If you are reseeding you need Tuppersan in the crabgrass control. Avoid lawn products with urea/ammonia.
Onion Grass: If it really bothers you apply an environmental friendly product like ClearChoice, which will eradicate bulbs and all.
Check Grafted Plants (weeping cherries, hybrid teas) for winter damage on flowering scion (grafted part) or for suckers on the understock.
Preventive sprays: Spray roses and peonies with lime sulfur. Avoid scale and mites on evergreens with systemic oil sprays.
New additions: Tree - "Golden Gift" yellow magnolia (better than the yellow "Elizabeth"), Shrub - "Drift Roses" (Australian) for sunny hillsides-pink and red, 1'-2' high, blooms continuously, Perennial -"Lungwort", an early blue standout.
Vegetables: If you missed planting cold crops by seed, transplants are available at garden centers - lettuce, beets, onions, arugula, cauliflower, celery (all but the last two are flourishing in my garden from last fall). If you plant seedlings you can apply corn gluten and avoid weeding later on.
Know Your Plants: Running a diagnostic on what is wrong? Choosing a new plant or site for a transplant? Know the needs of the plant : light, water, soil (drainage and PH),fertilizer, susceptibility to disease, blooming/fruiting cycle, etc. This quick check can save a lot of garden heartache.
Garden Planters: Beyond the ubiquitous pansies and primrose are dianthus, dusty miller and ranunculus. Place in sunny locals. The gorgeous ranunculus will go dormant in 6-8 weeks.
Outdoor living
: If you haven't already, wash and set up some outdoor furniture and barbecue equipment et. al. Might be too early to repaint it, but be ready for those days when it goes over 65. Anyone who still has browning evergreen holiday decorations gets demerits. 
Submitted by Horticulture Chairperson, Margaret Stacey

March

Each leaf, each blade of grass, vies for attention, even weeds carrying tiny blossoms astonish us.
--Mariana Polosky
Daffodils: Sit back and enjoy them. They are the fragrance of spring. They are the essence of the new season. Early American women Pilgrims sewed the bulbs in the hems of their skirts when they sailed over to the new world.
Weather Watch: We will continue to have the mixture of warm and cold days. Be cautious but keep up with garden tasks.
Early Bulbs: Galanthus (snowdrops) are best planted with green leaves. Divide them after bloom.
Pruning: Shrubs, established deciduous trees, climbers and roses should be pruned now. Wait with evergreens. Time to stool Buddleia, prune Caryopteris, Hydrangea, Perovskia
Soil: Prepare beds, test for PH, improve drainage, clear weedy beds, secure edges before things get unruly. Avoid touching wet and frozen soils.
Landscapers: Time to chat with the landscaper. What will they put on your lawn, when, how, will they mulch the clippings etc.? Be informed!
Weedy Health: Onion grass, dandelions and chickweed are popping up. We know that the first two are edible and healthful. So is chickweed with its cute white flowers. Chickweed is a homeopathic cure for stomach disorders, scurvy, constipation etc. Try a new salad taste.
Hedges: Last chance to weave structures from living stems before they leaf out. Fear of deer? Make fences from thorny brambles: barberry, firethorn, hawthorn, raspberries and blackberries. These also attract birds.
Planting from Indicators: Sow peas when daffodils begin to bloom. When dandelions bloom- plant spinach, beets carrots. When crocus bloom- prune roses.
All American Selections (2017): Bean Pole Seychelles-5”-6” straight bean, Pepper Aji Rico- hot, short season, good for paprika, Pepper Chili Pie- mildly hot, good container plant, Pepper Sweetie Pie-miniature bell, kid friendly, Petunia Evening Scentsation-blue with evening fragrance, Squash Sugaretti- spaghetti type, disease resistant, Tomato Midnight Snack-cherry indigo, antitoxins, Watermelon Gold in Gold-early producing.
Rainy Day Reads: Some classic garden books are now available. Karel Capek’s The Gardener’s Year (1929), Beverly Nichol’s Down the Garden Path (1932), and the favorite Elizabeth and her German Garden (1898).
House Plants
: Longer days and stronger sun make better growing conditions for house plants, but also means more watering. Seed trays should be checked daily, sun rooms and greenhouses need mid- day ventilation.
Submitted by Horticulture Chairperson, Margaret Stacey

September 2022

Some of the rarest days of the year come in September, days when it is comfortably cool
but pulsing with life. ~Hal Borland

September DROUGHT – Is it over? The drought has eased but it is not over.

Early Summer and Summer watering – If you were watering in June and July your drought damage will be worse then those who didn’t. You created a shallow root system which could not withstand the drought.

Watering – Watering should be done thoroughly, one inch once a week. Try not to get leaves wet while watering since that can lead to fungus.

Insects – Insects thrive in drought conditions. Watch for them especially in the vegetable garden. Treat as necessary.

Turf – Most lawns have gone dormant but will recover. Watch for certain lawn diseases, strange brown spots Checks with your landscape people to determines how they should be treated. Time to aerate. Too early to seed.

Local Crops – A ride to the east end of Long Island will show how the drought has impacted L.I.’s farms. Though they’re not dumping truckloads of tomatoes like California, diminished availability of produce is obvious.

Lantern Fly – This pretty insect is extremely destructive to grapes and apples, two major L.I. crops. These distinctive insects need to be hand picked and destroyed. Watch for them on your own property.

Dormancy – Many of our grasses and flowers and shrubs went dormant in the drought. This is fine, just give them a rest. They will reemerge in the fall.

Large Trees – Large trees will need extra watering. Just let a hose run on them, some trees may have started to lose leaves. Our 50+ foot Katsura has lost most of its leaves. But new ones are emerging.

Rainwater – Tap water is not as effective for our plants as rainwater. Tap water contains many chemicals for our health and safety but not for those of nature. Rainwater is purer more welcomed by plants.

Mums – Too early to buy mums and pumpkins unless you want to buy them again closer to Halloween. Mums will be done blooming by then and pumpkins will have begun to rot.

Vegetable garden – Not too late to plant fall crops. Any vegetable that will ripen in 60 days or less are still viable. This includes the onion family, carrots, radishes turnips broccoli and garlic bulbs 

Submitted by Horticulture Chairperson, Margaret Stacey


April 2022

In the spring at the end of the day you should smell like dirt
.  --Margaret Atwood

April/Spring - We made it through winter. Nurserymen will ignore April’s “springsters” cruel days. Enjoy the spring. Bulb utopia.

Pruning – Time to prune non-flowering evergreens. Avoid flat topping, let the sun in. Check to see how much pruning a particular evergreen should have, can range from one third to half.

Planting – Most any tree or shrub can be planted now. Prepare soil, dig a substantial hole not too deep but wide. Add a bit of mulch and water in.

Roses – Can’t resist, cut knockouts and hybrid teas in half. Adding a little fertilizer might help. Time to invest in some new ones?

Vegetables – Time to plant peas, and other cold weather crops. How many plants will your seed packet make? Plan on distributing your seedlings, not just your produce.

Harvest – Asparagus, Kale, spring onions, water cress.

Fruit Trees – Check for disease Spray an oil if needed. Use liquid fertilizer Protect plum and pear flowers from frost.

Farm vs Landscape – There is a movement that we should grow food rather than landscape plants on our land. Why can’t we do both? Not all property works for both. Our three acres are a Certified Wildlife Sanctuary. We work to preserve specimen and old trees. We have been told we should remove trees for an orchard?

Nurseries – Our independent nurseries are fully stocked. Be prepared for some surly sales help, but the shelves are full.

April Foods – Local produce to enjoy including spinach, asparagus.

Gresses - Cut down brown ornamental grasses. Clean out any spent perennials.

Tree Importance – While we are told trees block sunshine and use up water Britain has the Queen’s green canopy program where everyone will plant a tree for the Platinum Jubilee.

Water Features – Flush out fountains, remove debris from ponds (makes a great mulch).

Submitted by Horticulture Chairperson, Margaret Stacey

February 2022

When February sun shines cold There comes a day when in the air
The wings of winter slow unfold And show the golden summer there.
       ~Philip Henry Savage (1868–1899)

Happy Anniversary to the American Horticultural Society – one century of success!

February warm up? We are now facing freezing and warming and thawing. Watch for frost heaving. Not yet spring but snow drops might show.

Primrose – Eschew the overpriced Valentine Day flowers. Buy a dozen primroses have a spring garden. When the weather warms plant them outside.

In February plan - Time for serious planning for next season. Add to your list from last year. But cancel the losers. You don’t have to grow tomatoes.

The Hidden Life of Trees (Peter Wohlleben)– This is an amazing book It goes into fascinating detail on trees from germination to the many stages of decay and the flora and fauna that benefit from the decay.

Arbor Needs - Check trees for needed arbor work – Dangling branches, lifting, trimming for better circulation

Hardscape – Examine the lamp post, mailbox, outdoor lighting, do they need sprucing up? replacement? paint? Refresh your external hardscape.

Long awaited substitute – Bayer will be selling Round Up without glyphosate – safer but will it do the trick?

Travel Plans? – Include gardens Meet other gardeners Visits will add depth to your knowledge. Hear about new unpredictable directions Learn about gardens in different climates and cultures.

Garden ShowsConnecticut Garden Show February 24 – 27. Ct. Convention Center. Columbia Avenue, Hartford. “Rhythm & Blues” Hick’s flower Show March10 – 22nd. Always convenient and a winner. Philadelphia Flower Show June 11- 19. Returns to FDR Park.

Submitted by Horticulture Chairperson, Margaret Stacey

September & Autumn 2021

"Some of the best days of the year come in September, days when it is comfortably cool but pulsing with life."  -- Hal Borland

Fall is Here: The Harvest Moon wove its eerie spell, the last week of summer, first of fall. The week starts off stultifying warm and sullen. Then overnight cool air blows in and we are revived.

Watering: Still no need to water unless it is new plantings. Some people will use this as a sign of climate change but meteorologists, who have been here before. call it “weather”.

Turf: Autumn is the time to plant a lawn. The soil is warm (unlike spring) and the grass will germinate quickly. Mowing can be down to 2-2 1/2 inches.

Pruning: Most trimming should be done. Dead head roses for one last bloom. Perennials can be cut down as blooming ends. Annuals might rebloom, worth a try.

Perennials: Don’t be afraid to plant large perennials. They service design well. They form a solid backdrop for smaller flowers, they create a “come hither” look that can cover up an unsightly garden eyesore.

Bulbs: Orders in? Buy enough, like everything else prices are up. Its too early to plant unless forcing is in your future. Forcing twelve to fourteen weeks in the fridge, then bring them forth.

Second Blooms: Our strange weather created second blooms in azaleas and even magnolias. Time will tell if this will interfere with spring.

Vegetables: Finally, tomatoes. squash, melons, nectarines, apples are all in prime. Cool crops can still be planted. Harvest herbs.

Ornamental Grasses: Lucky us. Long Island has been singled out as the one place miscanthus is invasive.

We love the grass, just keep it in check.

Autumn Décor: Wait, wait.  Chrysanthemums bought now will be done blooming before Halloween. Pumpkins purchased now will rot. If you really want them, be ready to purchase twice. Asters will thrive and they come in blue.

Pests: Pesky insects persist. Bag Worms are the flavor of the month. 

Flowers: Zinnias (not a favorite of mine) are good this year. Ditto dahlias, cosmos, glads and sunflowers. et. al. Buy some at a farm stand.

Farm Country: As we begin to stretch our legs again consider a drive to the L.I. North Fork. Montana blue sky, acres of farmland (vineyards, sod, as well as vegetables, nursery, and flowers). Avoid weekends!

Submitted by Horticulture Chairperson, Margaret Stacey

May-June 2021

“The earth throws back her slumber-robe, and kissed awake by showers, reaches her emerald banners out and laughs a wealth of flowers.”
--Sara L. Vickers Oberholtzer, "A May Parable," Souvenirs of Occasions, 1892

Spring – We had a glorious spring, everything bloomed perfectly and lingered due to the cool temperatures. Then as usual it turned HOT.

The Moon – Horticulturalists have long used the phases of the moon as weather forecasters. We just had a super moon and our weather changed abruptly.

Roses – They need to be fed and sprayed. The American Rose trials suggest several roses for our area including Double Knockouts, Easy Does it, Easy elegance sunrise sunset, Flower carpet pink supreme, Icecap, Oso easy petite pink.

Purple – This year’s garden color is purple, especially in vegetables, e.g., cauliflower, carrots, beans, peas, tomatoes, cabbage, potatoes, and asparagus.

Garden Control – Many of us face a mature garden that can easily get out of control. Do not be afraid to thin out gardens. Prune shrubs and trees. Prune after bloom now until August 15th.

Turf – Lawns came into existence in the seventeenth century. Medieval lawns were mowed a couple of times a year. It was not until 1830 that a cylinder blade mower pulled by horses came into use. (The horses’ hooves were covered with leather boots so as not to make marks in the lawn). As much as we can be discouraged, we love our lawns. “Smart” devices help regulate our watering and allow us to keep them and assuage our guilt.

Bugs – Just as the weather induced beautiful flowers, it was perfect conditions for harmful insects. As you walk through your garden check everything for possible blight and insects. Catch them early!

Deer – Methods for repelling deer was the topic of a PBS program “Growing a Greener World” (available on the internet). A recommended repellent is BOBBEX.

Annuals – Access to annuals is a problem in many parts of the country. Long Island enjoys a steady flow from our east end nurseries. Other supplies are less available. Many of our mulches come from Canada which is closed off. Try your arborist for wood chips.

Great Plants – The American Horticultural Society suggests “Appalachian Red” east end redbud, “American Gold Rush” black-eyed Susan, Dixie wood fern, and Boho hydrangeas are all award winning plants to add to our gardens. 

 Submitted by Horticulture Chairperson, Margaret Stacey

March 2021

"Springtime is the land awakening. The March winds are the morning yawn." ~Lewis Grizzard (1946–1994), "

Spring – Is almost here! As perennial expert Allan Armitage says, “Gardening gives us something to look forward to and feel good about.” With the surge of gardening interest since Covid 19 and the success of garden centers, perhaps those in horticulture should be considered essential workers. They have done so much for us.

Signs of the Season – Snow drops have appeared under the snow. Witch Hazel and Forsythia in bloom. Hellebores should be blooming, and Daffodils should be up a few inches. Willows are greening.

Mulch – Spread mulch on your garden using hardwood chips and pine needles and ground leaves. This will allow water to circulate and keep down weeds.

Birds – Lots of birds are active, coming and going. They still have limited food so continue to feed them. Create a brush pile of small twigs, lint and hair from your comb and brush, they are building nests.

Fountains and Ponds – Time to rejuvenate and clean pumps etc.

Pruning – This is the month for serious pruning. Bushes and trees can be reduced by a third. Even spring blooming shrubs can be pruned. Though they will lose their flowers it will work in the long run. Fertilize after pruning.

Vegetables – Time to re-compost “farm” areas. Plant peas and radishes.

Aphids and Hibiscus - As we think outdoors, check your house plants for aphids. They are a scourge but try a few ounces of a dish soap and water to wash them off. They die a clean death.

Pre-season Container Plants – Remove the winter evergreens. Try a container arrangement of pansies, heather, and hellebores. When guests come add a pot or two of forced bulbs from the supermarket.

 Submitted by Horticulture Chairperson, Margaret Stacey